Data Mining

Data Mining KDD Process
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In the field of Information technology, we have a huge amount of data available that need to be turned into useful information.

Major sources of abundant data

  • Business: Web, e-commerce, transactions, stocks,…
  • Science: Remote sensing, bioinformatics, scientific simulation, …
  • Society and everyone: news, digital cameras, YouTube

We are data rich, but information poor

Data mining

Data Mining is defined as extracting the information from the huge set of data. In other words, we can say that data mining is mining the knowledge from data.

Data mining—searching for knowledge (interesting patterns) in your data

Data Mining Process

1. Data cleaning (to remove noise and inconsistent data)

2. Data integration (where multiple data sources may be combined)

3. Data selection(where data relevant to the analysis task are retrieved from the database)

4. Data transformation(where data are transformed or consolidated into forms appropriate for mining by performing summary or aggregation operations, for instance)2

5. Data mining (an essential process where intelligent methods are applied in order to extract data patterns)

6. Pattern evaluation (to identify the truly interesting patterns representing knowledge based on some interesting measures)

7. Knowledge presentation (where visualization and knowledge representation techniques are used to present the mined knowledge to the user)

Applications of Data mining

This extracted information further can be used for various applications such as

  • Market analysis
  • Fraud detection
  • Predict customer defections
  • Medical field
  • social media analysis etc.

Data Mining Phases(1): Pre-Processing

Need of Data Pre-processing

Today’s real-world databases are highly susceptible to noisy, missing, and inconsistent data due to their typically huge size (often several gigabytes or more) and their likely origin from multiple, heterogeneous sources.
Low-quality data will lead to low-quality mining results

Stages in Pre-Processing

Data Mining Functionalities (1)

Classification

It is the process of generating a model that can be used to predict the class of unknown data object. The derived model is based on the analysis of a set of training data (i.e., data objects whose class label is known).

It is a supervised technique.

Some common techniques  used in Classification

Decision Tree

  • A decision tree is a flow-chart-like tree structure, where each node denotes a test on an attribute value, each branch represents an outcome of the test, and tree leaves represent classes or class distributions

Neural Network

  • A neural network, when used for classification, is typically a collection of neuron-like processing units with weighted connections between the units.

There are many other methods for constructing classification models, such as naïve
Bayesian classification, support vector machines, and k-nearest neighbor classification.

Data Mining Functionalities (2)

Clustering

Clustering analyses data objects without consulting a known class label.

In general, the class labels are not present in the training data. Clustering can be used to generate such labels.

Some common techniques  used are:

  1. K-means Clustering
  2. Hierarchical Clustering

Data Mining Functionalities (3)

Frequent Pattern Mining and Association Rule Mining

  • Frequent patterns, as the name suggests, are patterns that occur frequently in data. There are many kinds of frequent patterns, including itemsets, subsequences, and substructures.
  • A frequent itemset typically refers to a set of items that frequently appear together in a transactional data set, such as milk and bread in the market.

An example of a rule, mined from the Market database, is

buys(X, Milk”) ⇒ buys(X, Bread”) [support= 1%, confidence = 50%]

 

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